Creating identical mache images for multiple plaforms from a single source configuration
When building images, Packer is able to use tools like Chef or Puppet to install software onto the image.
The same example include AMIs for EC2, VMDK/VMX files for VMware, OVF exports for VirtualBox, etc.
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/1.4.1/packer_1.4.1_linux_amd64.zip
Unix systems, ~/packer or /usr/local/packer is generally good, depending on whether you want to restrict the install to just your user or install it system-wide.
brew install packer
Create a file example.json and fill it with the following contents:
{ "variables": { "aws_access_key": "", "aws_secret_key": "" }, "builders": [{ "type": "amazon-ebs", "access_key": "{{user `aws_access_key`}}", "secret_key": "{{user `aws_secret_key`}}", "region": "us-east-1", "source_ami_filter": { "filters": { "virtualization-type": "hvm", "name": "ubuntu/images/*ubuntu-xenial-16.04-amd64-server-*", "root-device-type": "ebs" }, "owners": ["099720109477"], "most_recent": true }, "instance_type": "t2.micro", "ssh_username": "ubuntu", "ami_name": "packer-example {{timestamp}}" }] }
validate example.json
# packer validate example.json Template validated successfully.
create credential info at https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/home?#/security_credentials
packer build -var 'aws_access_key=YOUR INFO' -var 'aws_secret_key=YOUR INFO' example.json amazon-ebs output will be in this color. ==> amazon-ebs: Prevalidating AMI Name: packer-example 1560758189 amazon-ebs: Found Image ID: ami-01d9d5f6cecc31f85 ==> amazon-ebs: Creating temporary keypair: packer_5d0747ad-dfb6-bfdb-ef20-2505c207f4ac ==> amazon-ebs: Creating temporary security group for this instance: packer_5d0747b2-aec7-85c4-3e6f-b749f50f1645 ==> amazon-ebs: Authorizing access to port 22 from [0.0.0.0/0] in the temporary security groups... ==> amazon-ebs: Launching a source AWS instance... ==> amazon-ebs: Adding tags to source instance amazon-ebs: Adding tag: "Name": "Packer Builder" amazon-ebs: Instance ID: i-00379261a2d436db3 ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for instance (i-00379261a2d436db3) to become ready... ==> amazon-ebs: Using ssh communicator to connect: 54.144.224.37 ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for SSH to become available... ==> amazon-ebs: Connected to SSH! ==> amazon-ebs: Stopping the source instance... amazon-ebs: Stopping instance ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for the instance to stop... ==> amazon-ebs: Creating AMI packer-example 1560758189 from instance i-00379261a2d436db3 amazon-ebs: AMI: ami-07638ed17c7898ac5 ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for AMI to become ready... ==> amazon-ebs: Terminating the source AWS instance... ==> amazon-ebs: Cleaning up any extra volumes... ==> amazon-ebs: No volumes to clean up, skipping ==> amazon-ebs: Deleting temporary security group... ==> amazon-ebs: Deleting temporary keypair... Build 'amazon-ebs' finished. ==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are: --> amazon-ebs: AMIs were created: us-east-1: ami-07638ed17c7898ac5
AMIs are stored in S3 by Amazon, so unless you want to be charged about $0.01 per month, you'll probably want to remove it. Remove the AMI by first deregistering it on the AWS AMI management page. Next, delete the associated snapshot on the AWS snapshot management page.
Create a file named welcome.txt and add the following:
WELCOME TO PACKER!
Create a file named example.sh and add the following:
1 2 | #!/bin/bash echo "hello" |
Set your access key and id as environment variables, so we don't need to pass them in through the command line:
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=MYACCESSKEYID export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=MYSECRETACCESSKEY
Now save the following text in a file named firstrun.json:
{ "variables": { "aws_access_key": "{{env `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`}}", "aws_secret_key": "{{env `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`}}", "region": "us-east-1" }, "builders": [ { "access_key": "{{user `aws_access_key`}}", "ami_name": "packer-linux-aws-demo-{{timestamp}}", "instance_type": "t2.micro", "region": "us-east-1", "secret_key": "{{user `aws_secret_key`}}", "source_ami_filter": { "filters": { "virtualization-type": "hvm", "name": "ubuntu/images/*ubuntu-xenial-16.04-amd64-server-*", "root-device-type": "ebs" }, "owners": ["099720109477"], "most_recent": true }, "ssh_username": "ubuntu", "type": "amazon-ebs" } ], "provisioners": [ { "type": "file", "source": "./welcome.txt", "destination": "/home/ubuntu/" }, { "type": "shell", "inline":[ "ls -al /home/ubuntu", "cat /home/ubuntu/welcome.txt" ] }, { "type": "shell", "script": "./example.sh" } ] }
The
"provisioners"section of the template demonstrates use of provisioners to customize and control the build process:
and to build, run packer build firstrun.json
Note that if you wanted to use a source_ami instead of a source_ami_filter it might look something like this: "source_ami": "ami-fce3c696".
Your output will look like this:
amazon-ebs output will be in this color. ==> amazon-ebs: Prevalidating AMI Name: packer-linux-aws-demo-1507231105 amazon-ebs: Found Image ID: ami-fce3c696 ==> amazon-ebs: Creating temporary keypair: packer_59d68581-e3e6-eb35-4ae3-c98d55cfa04f ==> amazon-ebs: Creating temporary security group for this instance: packer_59d68584-cf8a-d0af-ad82-e058593945ea ==> amazon-ebs: Authorizing access to port 22 on the temporary security group... ==> amazon-ebs: Launching a source AWS instance... ==> amazon-ebs: Adding tags to source instance amazon-ebs: Adding tag: "Name": "Packer Builder" amazon-ebs: Instance ID: i-013e8fb2ced4d714c ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for instance (i-013e8fb2ced4d714c) to become ready... ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for SSH to become available... ==> amazon-ebs: Connected to SSH! ==> amazon-ebs: Uploading ./scripts/welcome.txt => /home/ubuntu/ ==> amazon-ebs: Provisioning with shell script: /var/folders/8t/0yb5q0_x6mb2jldqq_vjn3lr0000gn/T/packer-shell661094204 amazon-ebs: total 32 amazon-ebs: drwxr-xr-x 4 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 5 19:19 . amazon-ebs: drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 5 19:19 .. amazon-ebs: -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 220 Apr 9 2014 .bash_logout amazon-ebs: -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3637 Apr 9 2014 .bashrc amazon-ebs: drwx------ 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 5 19:19 .cache amazon-ebs: -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 675 Apr 9 2014 .profile amazon-ebs: drwx------ 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 5 19:19 .ssh amazon-ebs: -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 18 Oct 5 19:19 welcome.txt amazon-ebs: WELCOME TO PACKER! ==> amazon-ebs: Provisioning with shell script: ./example.sh amazon-ebs: hello ==> amazon-ebs: Stopping the source instance... amazon-ebs: Stopping instance, attempt 1 ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for the instance to stop... ==> amazon-ebs: Creating the AMI: packer-linux-aws-demo-1507231105 amazon-ebs: AMI: ami-f76ea98d ==> amazon-ebs: Waiting for AMI to become ready...