basic_knowledge
Table of Contents

AWS

Bootstrapping

The process to get an application up and running on an EC2 instance or other AWS services

Running custom scripts

Instance Metadata

Data about your instance

Can be used to configure or manage a running instance

Retrieving

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data

returned as text (Content-type: text/plain)

Instance User data

Can be passed to the instance at launch

Can be used to perform common automated configuration tasks

Runs scripts after the instance starts

Roles

Allow programs to control your AWS account

Packaged permissions

Apply to instances and containers

Security Groups

Controlled by roles

Allow network traffic between instances

Terminology

Scaling Out

水平扩展 Horizontal scaling

Scaling In

水平收缩 A form of horizontal scaling

Scaling Up

垂直扩展 Vertical scaling

Scaling Down

垂直收缩 A form of vertical scaling

Object Storage(S3) vs File Storage(EFS) vs Block Storage(EBS/EC2)

File Storage 也称为文件级存储或基于文件的存储，数据会以单条信息的形式存储在文件夹中。需要访问该数据时，您的计算机需要知道相应的查找路径
Accessed by path
Data stored as files in folder hierarchies
Easily searchable

Block Storage会将数据拆分成块，并单独存储各个块。每个数据块都有一个唯一标识符，所以存储系统能将较小的数据存放在最方便的位置。块存储通常会被配置为将数据与用户环境分离，并会将数据分布到可以更好地为其提供服务的多个环境中。然后，当用户请求数据时，底层存储软件会重新组装来自这些环境的数据块，并将它们呈现给用户。

Object Storage，也称为基于对象的存储，是一种扁平结构，其中的文件被拆分成多个部分并散布在多个硬件间。在对象存储中，数据会被分解为称为“对象”的离散单元，并保存在单个存储库中，而不是作为文件夹中的文件或服务器上的块来保存。
Which can store any blob of data or files, videos, images, PDFs, text, documents

AWS CLI

Linux

$ curl "https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-cli/awscli-bundle.zip" -o "awscli-bundle.zip"
$ unzip awscli-bundle.zip
$ sudo ./awscli-bundle/install -i /usr/local/aws -b /usr/local/bin/aws

Add your Access Key ID and Secret Access Key to ~/.aws/config using this format:

[default]
aws_access_key_id = <access key id>
aws_secret_access_key = <secret access key>
region = us-east-1

Protect the config file:

chmod 600 ~/.aws/config

Optionally, you can set an environment variable pointing to the config file. This is especially important if you want to keep it in a non-standard location. For future convenience, also add this line to your ~/.bashrc file:

export AWS_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/.aws/config

Mac OSX

curl "https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-cli/awscli-bundle.zip" -o "awscli-bundle.zip"

unzip awscli-bundle.zip

sudo ./awscli-bundle/install -i /usr/local/aws -b /usr/local/bin/aws

Example

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